Thursday, September 16, 2010

Dvar Torah for Yom Kippur 5771

Once we find ourselves on the other side of Rosh Hashanah, we are faced with the daunting spectacle of the Aseres Yimei Teshuvah (Ten Days of Repentance) and Yom Kippur. This week was set aside for us to repent for our sins of the past year. While Yom Kippur is obviously the most important day of them all, it being the date set aside by the Torah for repentance, this entire period must be taken seriously, with each day an added preparation for Yom Kippur. Because of this, Chazal (Acronym for “Our wise ones, may their memories be a blessing for us”, in reference to Rabbis from the time of the Mishnah and Talmud.) recommended accepting certain stringencies on yourself specifically for this week. This might seem silly since we know that starting the next week we won’t care about any of these laws. Rabbi Eliyahu Dessler in his sefer Michtav MeEliyahu explains that we are supposed to try this week to familiarize ourselves with doing good as much as possible. So if that means accepting a stricter halachah for one week, so be it. Even if we don’t keep the halachah for more than a week, it is worth it in order to put us in a “do-gooder” mood.       
Let us try to understand Yom Kippur itself. The pasuk says in Parshas Emor  (Vayikra 23:27),” אַךְ בֶּעָשׂוֹר לַחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי הַזֶּה יוֹם הַכִּפֻּרִים הוּא מִקְרָא קֹדֶשׁ יִהְיֶה לָכֶם וְעִנִּיתֶם אֶת נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם” But on the tenth of this seventh month, it is a day of atonement, it shall be a holy day for you and you shall afflict yourselves…” On Yom Kippur, we are obligated to keep certain extra restrictions which are known collectively as “עינוי”. Inui, affliction, includes no eating or drinking, no washing hands below the knuckles, no wearing leather shoes, and a few other restrictions. There is only one other day during the year on which there is a concept of inui. That day is Tisha B’av, the day we mourn the destruction of both Batei Mikdash. It is very important to understand that there is a very fundamental difference between these two days. Tisha B’av is the saddest day of the year. We mourn the loss of the greatest connection we had to God in this world. As such, we treat ourselves like mourners who are obligated to pain themselves, inui.
Yom Kippur is completely different.  This day is one of the greatest gifts Hashem gives us, a chance to wipe away all of our sins and to start over completely from the beginning. It is when we show Hashem that we are ready and willing to become better people. In order to do that, we try to separate ourselves from this world as much as we can, till we reach the level of angels. We hope that by acting like angels, Hashem will treat us like holy beings and forgive us and believe that we will change. The way we separate ourselves is by undertaking the ways of inui, not to pain ourselves, but to show that we have no need of worldly pleasures. Just like a malach (angel) has no need of food, drink, or comfortable shoes, so too we do not need these things. All we need is to bask in Hashem’s presence.   
The majority of the davening on Yom Kippur is dedicated to Vidui, confession. Vidui is part of the mitzvah of teshuvah. It is a discussion amongst the various commentaries if they are two separate commandments or one and the same, regardless, everyone agrees that without Vidui, which is a verbal confession, your teshuvah is not complete. How come an internal repentance is not enough? What are you adding to the teshuvah when you confess out loud? R’ Samson Rafael Hirsch says that if you say verbally what and how you have sinned, the sin becomes an external force which you can always look at to make sure you won’t commit that sin again. Once you say something out loud, that confession is now permanent, it cannot be erased. Even if you admit you were wrong, if you don’t verbalize your guilt, you can always back out of it. Once you commit verbally, it is a full exposure of your sin. Someone who can make this type of commitment, is worthy of extreme praise. To show how important vidui is, Chazal placed it in every tefillah, including the minchah before Yom Kippur. If we can have the proper Kavanah (concentration) required during vidui, we have a good chance of Hashem having mercy on us.
While we are preparing for Yom Kippur and everything that comes with it, there is a very important gemarah to consider.  דרש ר' אלעזר בן עזריה  (ויקרא טז, ל) ‘מכל חטאתיכם לפני ה' תטהרו’, עבירות שבין אדם למקום יוה"כ מכפר עבירות שבין אדם לחבירו אין יוה"כ מכפר עד שירצה את וחביר” (יומא פה ב)Rabbi Eliezer ben Azariah learned out from the pasuk ‘…from all of your sins, before Hashem, you will become pure.’ Sins that are between man and God will be absolved by Yom Kippur. Sins that are between man and his friend are not absolved by Yom Kippur. They will only be forgiven when the man pleases his friend (gets his friend to forgive him).” (Yoma  85b).The meaning of this gemarah is very clear, if we have wronged a friend over the course of the year, davening to Hashem to forgive us will not work in this case. We must seek out that person and ask forgiveness from him. In some ways, this is harder than asking Hashem for forgiveness. And even though Yom Kippur is not mechaper (does not atone) for any sin against another person, these sins are still included in your judgment! So it is extremely important to ask everyone that you might have wronged for forgiveness since they are your only way of getting forgiveness for these sins.
Yom Kippur is our day. The day when we are put in the spotlight for the final time and judged for good or bad. We must take advantage of this time and do everything we can to make the din (judgment) go in our favor. The one day the Satan has no power on is Yom Kippur. This means that there are no outside forces trying to put us in a bad light. It is only us and our actions which will decide how we are judged. At the final stage, it is completely up to us. Let us all commit to live by the Torah and all of Hashem’s mitzvos and with that we should all merit a happy, healthy year.    

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